Fixed it!
I would recommend to put this in your FAQ since this cost me 4 hours!
I had to change my "Feed Request Useragent" for whatever reason (the info is 'some servers react in unexpected ways' but this is really far from obvious..
I randomly set it to
Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 3_2_1 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/531.21.10 (KHTML, like Gecko) Mobile/7B405
After that it just started to fetch every feed.
What a nightmare...